Ingredients A–Z

The African pantry, from attiéké to yam

A growing guide to the ingredients behind African cooking — what they are, where they come from and how they’re used. Each entry will link to full guides and recipes as we publish them.

A

Côte d’Ivoire

Attiéké

Fermented, grated cassava steamed into light, slightly sour grains — Ivorian couscous, classically served with grilled fish.

B

Across Africa

Baobab

The tangy, powdery pulp of the baobab fruit, stirred into drinks, porridges and sweets.

Ethiopia & Eritrea

Berbere

A deep red spice blend built on chilli and fenugreek; the backbone of doro wat and many stews.

C

Across Africa

Cassava

Starchy root behind fufu, garri, attiéké and more. Must be properly processed and cooked before eating.

West & Central Africa

Cocoyam

Taro-like tuber eaten boiled or pounded; in Ghana its leaves (kontomire) make a much-loved stew.

D

West Africa

Dawadawa

Fermented locust beans — also called iru or soumbala — adding deep, savoury umami to soups and stews.

E

West Africa

Egusi

Protein-rich seeds of a gourd, ground and cooked into thick, nutty soups with leafy greens.

F

West Africa

Fonio

A tiny, fast-cooking ancient grain from the Sahel with a light, earthy flavour.

G

West Africa

Garri

Granulated, fermented and roasted cassava — soaked as a snack or made into eba with hot water.

West Africa

Grains of Selim

Smoky, peppery seed pods (uda, hwentia) used in pepper soup and Senegalese café Touba.

H

North Africa

Harissa

A Tunisian paste of chillies, garlic, oil and spices, used as a condiment and cooking base.

West Africa

Hibiscus

Dried roselle flowers brewed into deep red drinks: bissap, zobo or sobolo.

K

Ghana

Kenkey

Fermented maize dough wrapped in husks or leaves and cooked, served with fried fish and pepper sauce.

West Africa

Kola nut

A bitter, caffeine-rich nut with deep ceremonial meaning, offered to guests as a sign of welcome.

M

Across Africa

Moringa

Fast-growing tree whose tender leaves are cooked as greens or dried into powder.

O

West Africa

Ogbono

Ground wild mango seeds that give Nigerian ogbono soup its famous ‘draw’.

Across Africa

Okra

Pods that thicken soups and stews; the word ‘gumbo’ is thought to trace back to West African names for okra.

P

West & Central Africa

Palm oil (red)

Rich red oil from the oil palm fruit, giving colour and flavour to stews, soups and beans.

Across Africa

Plantain

A cooking banana enjoyed green or ripe — fried as dodo and kelewele, boiled, or pounded into fufu.

North Africa

Preserved lemons

Lemons cured in salt until soft and fragrant; essential in Moroccan tagines.

R

North Africa

Ras el hanout

A warm Moroccan spice blend whose name means ‘head of the shop’ — the spice seller’s best mix.

S

West Africa & the Caribbean

Scotch bonnet

Fruity, floral and fiercely hot; the heart of pepper soups, stews and jerk.

Ghana

Shito

A dark, rich chilli sauce made with dried fish or shrimp, served with kenkey, rice and much more.

West Africa

Stockfish

Air-dried cod, long traded from Norway to West Africa, used to give soups a deep, savoury flavour.

Nigeria & Niger

Suya spice (yaji)

A ground peanut, chilli and spice mix rubbed onto suya, the grilled meat skewers of Hausa street food.

T

Ethiopia & Eritrea

Teff

A tiny grain ground into flour and fermented to make injera, the spongy sourdough flatbread.

U

West Africa

Uziza

Peppery leaves and seeds of a West African pepper vine, used in pepper soup and egusi.

Y

West Africa

Yam

The starchy tuber (not sweet potato) that is boiled, fried or pounded into smooth pounded yam.

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